Why Marijuana Should Be Illegal Free Essays

Tyler Wyrick Ms. Russo English 165. 25W 11 May 2010 E1 Why Marijuana should be Illegal In society today, many people are looking for a feeling of freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Marijuana Should Be Illegal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some go on vacation and spend money while others look to drugs. The sense of high that results from using marijuana acts as an escape from the stresses of everyday life. As a result, a tremendous number of Americans participate in the illicit use of marijuana. Our American society is facing a tremendous drug problem that will increase exponentially by the legalization of this drug. Marijuana should be illegal because it will cause an increase in drug users and drug related crimes, the short term and long term effects of marijuana on the body, and the effect it will have on the country. One of the consequences of legalization would be a tremendous increase in marijuana users. Right now with the use of illicit drugs comes the fear of law enforcement agents and punishment causes individuals to be too scared to try marijuana. However, if weed become legalized, the fear becomes nonexistent and the number of users skyrockets. Legalized marijuana provides an ease of access to the drug, which in turn, promotes an increase in sales and use. An increase in marijuana use will also result in an increase in drug related crimes. Supporters of the legalization of weed believe that crime and violence would decrease if the drug is legal. Statistics show that forty percent of those arrested for committing a crime tested positive for the use of drugs at the time of their arrest. Making drugs more readily available could potentially propel more individuals into a life of crime and violence. Many marijuana users turn to crime to pay for their habit. They are stimulated by drugs and therefore act violently. Sold legally, marijuana will become easy for users to buy it around the corner, which would increase the already existing problem of crime. It is mentioned by Forbes that every year drug lords make billions of dollars from marijuana business, and those promoting legalization believe it will wipe out their major sources of funds. Drug use is a matter of supply and demand. As long as demand exists, someone is going to supply it either legally or illegally. Supporters of legalization believe that if the government regulates drugs such as marijuana by imposing taxes, then the black market will be eliminated. Not many users can afford to buy high priced drugs such as marijuana. As a result, people will be forced to go to drug gangs who sell marijuana under the market price. In addition, children and teenagers will obviously be banned from purchasing marijuana, just as they are prohibited from buying beer and liquor. Nevertheless, there will be drug pushers who will continue to encourage the youth and try to get them hooked to marijuana. Hence, legalization of marijuana will encourage a growing criminal black market. Marijuana is also very bad for ones overall health. Persistent use will damage lungs and airways and raise the risk of cancer. There is just as much exposure to cancer-causing chemicals from smoking one marijuana joint as smoking five tobacco cigarettes. There is evidence that marijuana may limit the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. This drug also causes severe side effects to the brain and body. Smoking marijuana can cause a person to lose their memory. Marijuana also has many short-term psychological and physical effects. These reactions usually last for three to five hours after a person has smoked marijuana. The psychological reaction, known as a high, consists of changes in the user’s feelings and thoughts. Mainly THC causes such changes. Many people usually smoke marijuana in cigarettes or pipes, but it also can be mixed with food and beverages. The concentration of the marijuana can affect how a person reacts to using the drug. The effects of a marijuana high vary from person to person and from one time to another in the same individual. In most cases, the high consists of a dreamy relaxed state in which users seem more aware of their senses and feel that time is moving slowly. Sometimes however, marijuana produces a feeling of panic and dread. The different reactions result partly from the concentration of THC in the marijuana. Other factors such as the setting in which marijuana is used, the user’s expectations, personality, and mood also affect a person’s reaction to the drug. Long-term effects of marijuana are not completely known, but studies have shown that some people who have used marijuana regularly for several months or longer have developed serious long-term problems. Among males, marijuana use can reduce the production of sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone. Among females, marijuana can cause menstrual irregularity and reduced fertility. Extended use of marijuana also has a long-term psychological effect on many people. These individuals lose interest in everything. They become unmotivated and detached. Another impact on health is that marijuana is a gateway drug. People that smoke marijuana for the first time feel that bringing themselves to actually try pot is the hardest part. Once an individual’s nerves are now calm about trying marijuana, they will now find that trying harder drugs won’t be as difficult to think about. Once their attitude on drug use is changed people will not hesitate to experiment with new harder drugs just as they did with marijuana. The Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University found adolescents who smoke pot 85 times more likely to use cocaine than their non–pot smoking peers. 0 percent of young people who use marijuana before they turn 15 later go on to use cocaine. A user of marijuana will eventually want to feel a new or better high causing them to resort to drugs that have much more of a negative effect on the body. Not all drug users will immediately begin using heroin, but once they are taking drugs it is very difficult for them to quit. For some, it will begin with sim ple painkillers and then possibly cocaine. With each step further into the world of drugs the user will find it harder to return. The high becomes an escape from reality. It becomes a release from the pressures of everyday life. With time, the period between highs becomes shortened due to the inability for users to face daily tasks. Soon, they become addicts living for the next high. Why? Because marijuana, a â€Å"harmless, organic drug,† opened the door to more possibilities. Next, legalization is neither a reasonable nor rational policy for this country. One of the biggest concerns about the legalization argument is the mixed message it sends to our young people. The legalization will imply a nonjudgmental attitude about drugs. The public’s attitude must change toward drugs and focus on prevention and treatment of drug abuse while maintaining the laws that make the drugs illegal. By focusing time and resources on the dangers of marijuana use, we are setting ourselves up for a better society as a whole. Reducing societal acceptance of weed use would allow Americans to raise a generation that could make a healthy contribution to the country. Then, the thought of job opportunities could be an issue. Think about the hundreds of thousands of others who are daily and heroically involved in the continuous war on drugs. Police officers, who are constantly meeting their quota by busting marijuana related crimes, would now have to sit back and watch the future of America get high on the streets hoping they wont continue on in to the drug world. Marijuana is illegal for many reasons. Most of the people that are pro-legalization will not use it for medical use or are at all interested in this nations economy. The ugly truth is that most want it legal merely because they want to use it. The drug problem America faces now would severely increase if marijuana were legalized. Health bills would go up due to medical issues involving weed, drug related crimes would increase, and legalizing the drug would change America’s attitude on drugs completely and open the door to drugs far worse than weed. The war on drugs would just be getting started. How to cite Why Marijuana Should Be Illegal, Papers

Vaccination Should Be Mandatory Or A Choice -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Vaccination Should Be Mandatory Or A Choice? Answer: Introducation According to Catholic Social Teaching (CST), the shared responsibility for common good, states that it is the right of every person to have optimal access of resources present in society in order to live a fulfilling life (Felten, 2013). For optimal utilization of resources, there must remain a proper balance between the personal possession and community resources and this balance will help to maintain equitable distribution of resources. The common good can be obtained when citizens of the society work in unison to uplift the overall well-being of the mass (Felten, 2013). The following essay aims to highlight the global issue of vaccination and how it has failed to highlight the need of the common good. The essay then tries to throw light on how the proper awareness of vaccination can be generated without hampering the shared responsibility of common good and human rights of Catholic Social Teaching. At the end, the essay collates recommendation regarding how community engagement an d advocacy can be used as model to promote proper awareness of vaccination among the mass. Vaccination or immunization is common good for all the mass present in the society with a special mention to the children. Vaccination helps in the prevention of the infectious, recurrent and contagious disease like measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (Bar et al., 2014). However, vaccination is still a tabo among the parents. Parents suffer from lack of knowledge and prioritize rumours spread against vaccination. Parents are of the opinion that vaccination is unsafe and avoidance is the best policy to keep their children medically secured (Yaqub et al., 2014). This mindset has drastically decreased the rate of childhood vaccination in Australia (Diekema, 2012). According to reports, 1 out of 10 Australian parents nurture the belief that autisim results from vaccination (Diekema, 2012; Kaufman et al., 2012). Malcolm Turnbull in order to cope up with this situation made strict policy focusing the vaccination, according to this policy, vaccine refusers will be e xempted from special children benefits (ABC News, 2017). This policy though framed in the common good of the community and goes against the human right principle of the CST. Since the rule is forcefully imposed, the decision making choice of a childs guardian, which is the right of every parent is getting hampered. Moreover, this forceful imposition for the sake of common good is turn hampering the cause of the common good (Gheaus, 2016). For instance, According to reports published in ABC news, 150,000 children were incompletely vaccinated in the year 2013 and of them 3700 were the vaccine objectors (ABC News, 2017). This improper vaccination resulting out of forced imposition is again hampering the act of common good and human right as it is the right of all people to lead to a health and fulfilling lives. So in order to promote the concept of vaccination, so that there remains no scope of imposition, proper awareness in the field of vaccination must be generated via promoting illiteracy. This is again in turn will be beneficial for the act of the common good as education and health related awareness is the main pillar of success behind the common good (Johri et al., 2015). Such illiteracy and awareness campaign will designed in such a way that it does not hamper the cultural thoughts and the spiritual beliefs of the person as it is the right of every individual to nurture their spiritual thought and cultural values. Apart from the unwilling people, there is a large group of people who are willing to vaccinate their children, but are unable to do so due to lack of proper financial backup and unavailability of adequate vaccine supply. So for the sake of the common good, vaccines must be made accessible at low cost without any compromise in the standardised quality and dose (Rowlands, 20 14). The global issue of ignorance of vaccination among parents and not regarding it as mandatory for their children is a subject of great argument. According to the principle of human dignity, humans decision should be respected and they should be given the freedom to make their own decision. According to this principle, vaccination should be a choice for people. However, according to the principle of common good, well-being of individual people is essential for the well-being of the community (Thompson, 2017). There is need to increase the uptake of vaccination and make parents aware about vaccination as a necessity because vaccination is the most effective way to control diseases and protect children from preventable disease (Brnighausen et al., 2014). Hence, solution to the problem is necessary because increase in rate of vaccination will enhance health and well-being of people and reduce rate of hospitalizations in children too. This is also proved by Snchez-Uribe et al., (2016) as t he study proved that universalization of rotavirus vaccination reduced childhood diarrhea related mortality and hospitalization in children. The first strategy that can change parents attitude towards vaccination includes taking community engagement initiative. This is essential as part of common good responsibility and social justice for people. However, poor perception of parents towards vaccination is one challenge in realizing the common good act of increasing uptake of vaccination in community (Vezzosi, Santagati, Angelillo, (2017). Hence, to promote positive attitude utility of vaccination, there is a need to implement outreach and engagement programs in community so that parents get to know all about different kinds of vaccination and their role in preventing diseases (Riesch et al., 2013). Health care provider needs to be engaged so that parents can get right advice regarding vaccination. The advantage of direct engagement between parent and health care provider apart from other source of engagement is that health care providers are better positioned to answer all queries of students and clarify their wrong perce ptions related to risk of vaccination. Such community engagement strategies may also increase parents knowledge regarding vaccination and affect their decision to vaccinate their children in the future (Dixon et al., 2017). Exclusive educational campaigns can also be arranged so that parents learn about the utility of different forms of vaccination for their children. Apart from community engagement strategy, another step that can help to realize the common good goal of improving parents attitude towards vaccination includes taking advocacy strategy. Advocacy strategy is related to increasing investment and funding for immunization. This will ensure that vaccines are available to all and no one is derived from vaccination (Plotkin, Mahmoud Farrar, 2015). In countries like Africa, inadequate funding is the main reason for low vaccination coverage. Hence, any education and awareness initiative related to vaccination may fail when step like maximizing funding for vaccination is not taken. Another barrier that may affect the rate of vaccination is poor quality of immunization services. Therefore, another advocacy strategy that can promote improvement in vaccination coverage includes improve human resource training on administrating vaccines, introducing appropriate cold chain maintenance and vaccine storage facility and evaluating vaccination service s on a regular basis (WHO, 2018). Such step is likely to promote uptake of vaccination and increase peoples interest in routine vaccination. In response to the issue of poor attitude towards vaccination, advocacy and community engagement strategies are considered most effective to address the problem because such strategies provides the right resource to fill the gap that exist related to vaccination coverage. The success of such strategy is also dependent on proper collaboration with partners like health care staffs, vaccination services, public health staffs and health promotion staffs. This is effective in addressing the challenges and promoting advocacy for vaccination in community. Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded that vaccination is good for the proper health back up of the upcoming generation. Hence proper awareness and literacy programs must be framed by the nurses and other health care professionals in order to increases the rate of vaccination mong the children. However, such literacy and awareness program must be designed in such a way that it may not hamper the common good and human rights of the person based on CST. References ABC News. (2017). Turnbull wants unvaccinated kids banned from child care. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-12/government-pushes-to-ban-unvaccinated-children-from-childcare/8347040 [Accessed 24 Jan. 2018]. ABC News. (2017). Victoria to close loophole for 'dodgy doctors' giving vaccination exemptions. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-15/child-vaccination-exemption-letters-from-gps-no-longer-accepted/9151768 [Accessed 24 Jan. 2018]. Brnighausen, T., Bloom, D. E., Cafiero-Fonseca, E. T., OBrien, J. C. (2014). Valuing vaccination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(34), 12313-12319. Bart, M. J., Harris, S. R., Advani, A., Arakawa, Y., Bottero, D., Bouchez, V., ... Gaillard, M. E. (2014). Global population structure and evolution of Bordetella pertussis and their relationship with vaccination.MBio,5(2), e01074-14. Diekema, D. S. (2012). Improving childhood vaccination rates.New England Journal of Medicine,366(5), 391-393. Dixon, B. E., Kasting, M. L., Wilson, S., Kulkarni, A., Zimet, G. D., Downs, S. M. (2017). Health care providers perceptions of use and influence of clinical decision support reminders: qualitative study following a randomized trial to improve HPV vaccination rates.BMC medical informatics and decision making,17(1), 119. Felten, P. (2013). Principles of good practice in SoTL.Teaching and Learning Inquiry: The ISSOTL Journal,1(1), 121-125. Gheaus, A. (2016). The right to parent and duties concerning future generations. Johri, M., Subramanian, S. V., Sylvestre, M. P., Dudeja, S., Chandra, D., Kon, G. K., ... Pahwa, S. (2015). Association between maternal health literacy and child vaccination in India: a cross-sectional study.J Epidemiol Community Health, jech-2014. Kaufman, J., Synnot, A., Hill, S., Willis, N., Horey, D., Lin, V., ... Robinson, P. (2012). Face to face interventions for informing or educating parents about early childhood vaccination.status and date: New, published in, (8). Plotkin, S. A., Mahmoud, A. A., Farrar, J. (2015). Establishing a global vaccine-development fund.New England Journal of Medicine,373(4), 297-300. Riesch, S. K., Ngui, E. M., Ehlert, C., Miller, M. K., Cronk, C. A., Leuthner, S., ... Durkin, M. S. (2013). Community outreach and engagement strategies from the Wisconsin study center of the national children's study.Public Health Nursing,30(3), 254-265. Rowlands, G. (2014). Health literacy: ways to maximise the impact and effectiveness of vaccination information.Human vaccines immunotherapeutics,10(7), 2130-2135. Snchez-Uribe, E., Esparza-Aguilar, M., Parashar, U. D., Richardson, V. (2016). Sustained reduction of childhood diarrhea-related mortality and hospitalizations in Mexico after rotavirus vaccine universalization.Clinical Infectious Diseases,62(suppl_2), S133-S139. Thompson, M.J., 2017. 9 The common good as a principle of social justice.The Good Life Beyond Growth: New Perspectives. Vezzosi, L., Santagati, G., Angelillo, I. F. (2017). Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of parents towards varicella and its vaccination.BMC infectious diseases,17(1), 172. WHO (2018).Strategies to increase the demand for childhood vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Who.int. Retrieved 24 January 2018, from https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/93/5/14-146951/en/ Yaqub, O., Castle-Clarke, S., Sevdalis, N., Chataway, J. (2014). Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review.Social Science Medicine,112, 1-11.

Analysis of Nestlé’s Business Environment The WritePass Journal

Analysis of Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Business Environment Company Overview Analysis of Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Business Environment ). To sustain this success and thus maintain leadership in its market, the company must often audit and review its strategic position in light of changing factors in its business environment. This paper undertakes this strategic assessment employing the PESTLE framework of analysis. PESTLE analysis The PESTLE framework is a strategic tool used to measure market potential and situation of company (David, 2009). It focuses on factors in the external environment which encompass effects from the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental spheres. Political factors With operations spread out across the globe, Nestlà © is liable to political influences unique to various jurisdictions including applicable laws and regulations governing business operations, as well as stringent international health and safety requirements of significance in the food and nutrition sector, such as the ISO 9002 and HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) preventative food safety systems. The primary goal of these regulations is the protection of consumers from poor quality, potentially health averse/harmful products (Hill, 2006). The company has suffered challenges related to contamination of its products and poor quality supplies which have led to product recalls and market concern. This has hurt the company’s image and impacted sales as well as challenging it with regard to quality control (Nestlà ©, 2013). The company has responded appropriately to address these, to ensure quality and safeguard confidence in its products (Jones, 2012). For successf ul engagement internationally, Nestlà © should endeavour to meet these expectations and to conform to the requisite legislations and regulations applicable. Economic factors The global business environment has recently been significantly hindered by economic setbacks due to downturn and global recession. These have adversely affected demand for products through its effect on consumer spending. However, recovery has been swift and the continuing globalization and consolidation has further enhanced growth and demand for product with the convergence in consumer tastes and preferences globally (Hanson et al., 2011). The rise in emerging market economies portends surplus buying power, as well as economies of scale which proffer added economic advantage (Vandewaetere, 2012). The leverage of huge resource capital and RD capability into continual introduction and redesign of products enables Nestlà © to strengthen its competitive advantage. Through the localisation of operations in over 100 countries across the globe, the company manages to address the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on import and export aspects of trade (Jones, 2012). Social factors As a producer of finished consumer goods, Nestlà © is hugely dependent upon customer satisfaction and desirability of its product range to achieve success (Jones, 2012). The company, thus, chooses to embark on huge spending in its competitive sectors to maintain its brand image and to enhance product desirability. Competitive advantage in the sector requires continuous research and development leading to the frequent introduction of new products and redesign of products (Interbrand, 2013). This is a significant strength of Nestlà © and among the notable factors upon which its industry, sector or market leadership is based (Nestlà ©, 2013). There is an increasing trend towards healthy eating which is increasing demand for healthier food products. This is laden with potential to affect product lines such as chocolate drinks (Jones, 2012). The company has taken specific steps such as the acquisition of specialised start-ups, and successful partnerships to meet the needs of health conscious consumers and thereby to take advantage of emerging market trends and opportunities (Vandewaetere, 2012). Nestlà © is therefore considered to be well adjusted to its market segments given its focus on this growth driver as well as its focus on popularly-positioned products which aims to provide a brand to meet every need. Its more than 8,000 brands enable it to achieve this strategic focus and to compete successfully against corporate rivals (Interbrand, 2013). Technological factors The fast pace of technological development and associated capabilities portend significant challenge for competitiveness in modern industry. Nestlà © has endeavoured to keep up through enormous investments in research and development to enhance its capability, as well as process efficiency which have enabled its successful differentiation and enhanced competitiveness (Nestlà ©, 2013). However, the company still experiences challenges in its quality control with its inability to provide consistent quality in food products hurting company image and affecting sales (Jones, 2012). The company’s response in this regard has been quite appropriate enabling it to weather this challenge successfully. It has endeavoured to ensure quality in the foregoing and to safeguard confidence in its products through its seal of guarantee initiative (Interbrand, 2013). Environmental factors Nestlà © is involved in numerous programs aimed at making the company more eco-friendly which are inherent in its CSR initiatives. However, the company is criticised for its weak approach and over the effectiveness of their programs (Jones, 2012; Interbrand, 2013). With the scale of their operations across the globe and massive quantity of output, it is imperative that the company should enhance focus on its environmental impact which is a notable concern in modern industry. This factor has capacity to ruin reputations and affect performance (Hill, 2006). Legal factors Global operations in diverse jurisdictions require astute legal capabilities which Nestlà © seems to be endowed with. The company’s successful operations in over 100 countries attest to this giving it an edge in unmatched geographical presence in the industry. It also has notable competency in mergers and acquisitions which have enabled it to diversify and to successfully enter new markets thereby sustaining its competitive edge (Vandewaetere, 2012). Major challenges affecting the company Three major challenges are identified and explored to gauge their effect and to find out ways in which they might be addressed. Quality of products and supplies A major challenge with huge capacity for adverse impact on Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s business potential concerns the quality of products delivered and thus the quality control schemes for its products. There have been instances of contamination of products as well as poor supplies which have led to a number of product recalls from the market (Interbrand, 2013). This challenge is fundamental particularly with regard to operations in the food and nutrition industry which is subject to stringent quality, as well as health and safety regulations. The company is subject to a high bargaining power of customers for the most part due to the availability of a wide range of substitute and alternative products in the market and fierce competition from worthwhile rivals (Carpenter and Sanders, 2007). Flouting of health and safety regulations also portends risk for operations in various jurisdictions and may lead to bans in markets and/or restrictions on the use of concerned products. This would definitely be a hindrance to business and would not only adversely impact sales but also would hurt company image and brand positioning which are vital intangible assets in a highly competitive market (Hanson et al., 2011). To reduce the negative impact of this challenge, the company needs to tighten its quality control procedures and schemes for products and also needs to enforce stringent procedures in the choice of suppliers and in the procurement of raw food items from them (Interbrand, 2013). This would not only guarantee conformance with requisite legislation but would also ensure that quality is maintained and adhered to across the entire supply chain. Also essential are measures to ward off loss of consumer trust and drop in confidence in products offered. Assurances in this regard are critical for the maintenance of brand image and reputation, and as well serve to guarantee product performance in the market (Jones, 2012; Vandewaetere, 2012). Weak implementation of eco-friendly initiatives Nestlà © pursues eco-friendly initiatives as constituent in its corporate social responsibility (CSR). Yet, these initiatives have been subject to extensive criticism over weakness in its approach and over the effectiveness of their programs (Vandewaetere, 2012). Environmentally friendly initiatives are particularly of concern for such entities as Nestlà © given their scale of operations across the globe and quantity of product output considering its 8,000 product brands (Interbrand, 2013). The primary objective of the company is the delivery of the best quality in everything from primary produce, choices of suppliers and transport, to recipes and packaging materials (Nestlà ©, 2013). However, every stage in its supply chain is bound to have adverse environmental impact which is a notable concern in modern industry given the drive to environmental responsibility. Disregard of such concerns exposes the company to risks to reputation which could have a direct impact on performance ( Hanson et al., 2011). Increasing trend towards healthy eating With the rise in diseases associated with sedentary lifestyles, food choices, and eating habits, there has emerged global awareness of their impacts on individual health. This has engendered health consciousness and regard for choice of foods and their nutritive value or possible consequences. This has led to a trend towards healthy eating which continues to drive consumer preference and demand for healthier food products (Luthans and Doh, 2012). Such a trend is bound to affect popular product lines, such as chocolate drinks, that Nestlà © offers impacting demand and therefore market performance (Vandewaetere, 2012). In its consumer goods business, Nestlà © is hugely dependent upon customer satisfaction and desirability of its products to achieve success. It is thus immensely susceptible to market dynamics and trends such as eh above which it can do very little to control and manage (Kazem and Richard, 2008). The problem is further exacerbated by the emergence of social media and global networking through the internet which continues to drive globalization and which is causing a global convergence of consumer tastes and preferences (Hanson et al., 2011; Luthans and Doh, 2012). To counter this challenge, the company needs to embark on initiatives to develop a healthier range of products to cater to health conscious consumers and thereby to take advantage of the emerging trend and opportunities. Nestle should be keen to note the various dynamics and their impact on performance, and should develop flexibility which would enable faster response and adaptability to changes in the market (Jones, 2012). With a sound financial resource base, it is prudent for the company to pursue mergers and acquisitions, which it has done quite successfully, leveraging on its competence in that regard (Vandewaetere, 2012). This way, it is able to hasten its learning curve and guarantee success of initiatives (David, 2009) particularly in light of the fact that the company has an immense range of brands and a complex operational matrix which are in themselves quite a challenge to manage successfully. Conclusion Several factors affect Nestlà © in its international operations among them political, economic, social, technological, as well as environmental and legal factors, which are significant influences determining the success of operations in modern business environment. Three particular challenges are identified as having substantial impact on Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s operations and business potential. They include: quality of products and supplies which portends loss of confidence in product; the company’s weak implementation of eco-friendly initiatives which are essential not only to check the environmental impact, but also serve as proof for goodwill to society; and, the increasing trend towards healthy eating which is a concern for future competitiveness of the company’s products. These challenges should be addressed to guarantee success of products in markets, as well as overall competitiveness. References Carpenter, M., and W., Sanders, (2007). Strategic Management: A Dynamic Perspective. Harlow: Pearson Prentice Hall. David, F. R. (2009), Strategic management: concept and cases (12th Ed). Pearson, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hanson, D., M., Hitt, R., Ireland, R., Hoskisson, (2011). Strategic Management: Competitiveness and globalisation (Asia-Pacific, 4th Ed). South Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning Hill, C., (2006) International Business: Competing in the Global Economy, (7th Ed) Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Interbrand (2013). Best Global Brands 2012. Accessed 1/9/2014 from: interbrand.com/en/best-global-brands/2012/Best-Global-Brands-2012.aspx Jones, S., (2012). Strategic Management at Nestlà ©. Accessed 1/9/2014 from: articlesbase.com/management-articles/strategic-management-at-nestle-5907881.html Kazem, C., and L., Richard, (2008). Sustainable competitive advantage: towards a dynamic resource-based strategy. East London Business School: University of East London, UK. Luthans, F., and J., Doh, (2012). International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behaviour, (8th Ed). Maidenhead: McGrawHill Nestlà ©, (2013). Annual Report – 2013 (English). Accessed 2/9/2014 from: nestle.com/asset-library/Documents/Library/Documents/Annual_Reports/2013-Annual-Report-EN.pdf Vandewaetere, B., (2012). Personal Interview 28th November, 2012: Responsible for European Affairs, Nestlà ©. Accessed 2/9/2014 from: www.Nestle.com

Definition and Examples of an Implied Author

Definition and Examples of an Implied Author In reading, an implied author is the version of a writer that a reader constructs based on the text in its entirety. Also called a  model author, an abstract author, or an inferred author. The concept of the implied author was introduced by American literary critic Wayne C. Booth in his book  The Rhetoric of Fiction  (1961): However impersonal [an author] may try to be, his reader will inevitably construct a picture of the official scribe who writes in this manner. Examples and Observations [I]t is a curious fact that we have no terms either for this created second self or our relationship with him. None of our terms for various aspects of the narrator is quite accurate. Persona, mask, and narrator are sometimes used, but they more commonly refer to the speaker in the work who is after all only one of the elements created by the implied author and who may be separated from him by large ironies. Narrator is usually taken to mean the I of the work, but the I is seldom if ever identical with the implied image of the artist.(Wayne Booth, The Rhetoric of Fiction. University of Chicago Press, 1961)Too often in my early work, I suggested a total communion between two utterly confident, secure, correct, and wise human beings at the top of the human heap: the implied author and me. Now I see an implied author who is manifold.(Wayne C. Booth, The Struggle to Tell the Story of the Struggle to Get the Story Told. Narrative, January 1997) Implied Author and Implied Reader A classic example of mismatching in kind is The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair. The implied author intends that the implied reader will react to the horrifying account of the Chicago meatpacking industry by taking socialist action to improve the workers lives. In other words, the implied reader of The Jungle already cares about workers in general, and the implied author intends that building on that old value, the reader will primarily be motivated to adopt a new valuesocialist commitment to helping Chicago meat workers. But, because most actual American readers lacked sufficient concern for workers, a mismatch occurred, and they failed to react as intended; The Jungle ended up moving them only to agitate for improved sanitation in meatpacking.(Ellen Susan Peel, Politics, Persuasion, and Pragmatism: A Rhetoric of Feminist Utopian Fiction. Ohio State University. Press, 2002) Controversies As our study of implied author reception will show, there is no consistent correlation between the contexts in which the concept has been used and the opinions that have been put forward regarding its usefulness. In interpretive contexts, both supporting and opposing voices have made themselves heard; in descriptive contexts, meanwhile, the implied author has met with near-universal hostility, but even here its relevance to textual interpretation occasionally attracts a more positive response.(Tom Kindt and Hans-Harald Mà ¼ller, The Implied Author: Concept and Controversy. Trans. by Alastair Matthews. Walter de Gruyter, 2006)

Leisure & Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leisure & Tourism - Essay Example Researchers have identified several motivations, from which leisure is founded upon. According to Daniel (2006, p 166), motivation could be intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation. Intrinsic motivation originates internally from an individual due to the benefits accrued from leisure, such as pleasure and enjoyment. Extrinsic factors motivate people to engage in leisure to attain other goals besides pleasure and fun. This paper is a critical analysis of findings by a number of researchers, on various factors, which motivate leisure based activities in a family. According to Alex and Song (2004, p 57), a family can either be extended or nuclear, with varying ages of parents and children. However, the basic motivation of each and every family member for leisure is driven mainly by the psychological results, which in turn determines their behavior in day to day activities (Alex, and Song 2004, p 57). In this respect, an individual decision or choice to engage in a particular leisure activity is a result of ones belief, on how well he will do the activity and what the activity means to him (Alex, and Song 2004, p 58). From this argument, people in a family set up engage in engage in leisure to reap particular psychological desires. Researchers have found out several psychological desires that motivate people in a family set up to engage in leisure. These motivations include: achievement, stimulation, independence, leadership, risk taking, mastery of equipment or machine, family togetherness and adventure (Alex, and Song 2004, p 59). According to Kivel, (2007, p 86), enhancing family unity is the main motivation for leisure in a family. Presently due to ever increasing demands at work, most parents do not have time to catch up with their children and other extended family members. In this regard, time specifically to bond with family members is increasingly being set

Company on green event planning in UAE Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Company on green event planning in UAE - Thesis Example This approach helps the businesses in achieving their long terms goals and objectives by benefiting people and protecting environment. The paper will highlight the sustainable development project of Eco Event Planner Company in UAE. The company deals in planning different events in eco friendly ways. Organizing green events has become a new trend in present time. People are very much concerned about environmental pollution and damages. For this reason the green event planning companies are developing a lot. According to the authors, Cherian & Jacob, the awareness of various environmental problems is increasing day by day. People have become very much concerned about different environmental issue for protecting the environment from damages. For this reason the tastes and preferences of the customers have changed a lot. They are focusing more on eco friendly products and services. A positive attitude has been observed among the customers regarding green lifestyle. People are seriously trying to reduce negative impacts on environment which are caused by their different activities and functions. The author stated that companies need to consider these issues for holding its position in competitive market. For this reason company of UAE requires to develop eco friendly business process for benefiting the society and attracting maximum number of customers (Cherian & Jacob, 2012). By following the views of authors Moise and Macovei, for organizing, designing, planning and promoting any event a company requires thinking about the impact on the event on people and on the environment. Ecological balance should be taken into consideration for organizing an event. This helps the company in developing an event which will not cause any damage to the environment. By organizing green events the companies can show off their concerns towards the benefits of society. In UAE many companies are developing which cause many negative impacts

Recommendation of process routes for the sepration of LPG Essay

Recommendation of process routes for the sepration of LPG - Essay Example To separate these two constituents, several processes can be used. This method involves the recovery and increase in the purity of the light hydrocarbons butane and propane from their mixture in liquid petroleum gas. It is based on the distillation of the gas by controlled heating and cooling, by taking gain of the diverse boiling points of the hydrocarbons. Fractionating columns are used with labels if the hydrocarbon is separated by evaporation. Liquid petroleum gas composition of propane and butane which makes up to 40% natural gas is extracted as a liquid mixture in a fractionating column (Zlokarnik, 2002). After its extraction from natural gas, the refrigerated liquid petroleum gas is passed through an absorber column where it is mixed with lean oil at a temperature of 238 degrees Celsius to allow for the absorption of the liquid petroleum gas products. This process is accelerated by elevated pressure and low temperature and the refrigeration of the liquid petroleum gas is ensured by using a closed loop circulation of a refrigerant in centrifugal compressors. The liquid petroleum gas is precooled before it enters a de-ethanizer column with a pressure lower than the pressure of the liquid petroleum gas. In the de-ethanizer, ethane and other lighter components in the liquid petroleum gas are removed. A constant temperature is maintained in the column by using a reboiler placed at the bottom of the fractionating column to supply heat. The overhead vapour is recycled to recover any escaped propane from the evaporated gas. The residue is then passed through a rich oil still column where th e lean oil is separated using distillation. The liquid petroleum gas that is separated is condensed in a reflux condenser and is then directed into fractionating columns. Depropanizer and debutanizer systems are used to separate the stabilized