Rudolph Guilianis ÂLeadership :: Leader Leadership Management

Rudolph Guiliani's ‘Leadership Leadership style and behaviour are key determinants of effective organisational management. The leaders are "The people who co-ordinate and balance the interests of all who have a stake in the organisation, including- the executive team, all other managers and those in team leadership positions or with a subject leadership role" Witcher (2007) argues that POSIES gives us an impression of a sequence of tasks, top-down strategic planning idea. Leadership style depends on how strategic management is managed by top managers. There are different leadership styles and therefore there are different ways that leaders review strategic priorities. In Rudolph Guiliani's book ‘Leadership', his philosophy is to identify the core purpose of an organisation and align the resources and focus along with that purpose. He also believes strongly in organizing around a purpose. In order to develop an organisation structure Giuliani's first question is always "What's your mission?"- not a day to day but on a long term basis. Therefore he proposes to analyse the Purpose, Objective and Strategy of an organisation before setting the structure. Weber (1924) classifies types of leadership in relation to types of authority. These vary from a commanding leadership, where people must have obedience to orders, to an inspiring type. This inspiring type may also be related to John Seddon's ‘systems thinking'. He argues that leaders should work the work. They should manage how people do things, not what they do. Chester Barnard (1938) argues that Executives primary job was to facilitate co-operation and that authority should not be imposed. Leadership is sometimes associated with visionary and a personalised form of management. Witcher gives us the example of Ford who had a clear idea of his vision for his car company. His vision was creating simple model cars at low cost and this vision produced the Model-T car, the modern mass production assembly line that made it possible. However, Witcher argued that this form of leadership may encourage short term, individually based goal setting, rather than team work. Senge (1990) advocates a dispersed leadership for the learning organisation where progress is achieved through small steady changes. A great leader in his view is one who encourages others to say, "We did it ourselves". Collins (2002) mentions that the difference between good to great performers is a consistent system with clear constraints. Discipline is a very important aspect with vision and faith. Strategic understanding is necessary and he stresses on the idea of getting disciplined people who engage in disciplined thought and who then take disciplined action.

Inter-Cultural Interview Essay

: Living in the United States was somewhat different from how was in my country of origin. I found numerous differences, although there were also some similarities. For one, the weather here is definitely colder than in my country. In addition to this, the people in the United States are not overpopulated, nor are the houses crowded. At some point, a sense of independence was also inculcated in my mind. I learned how to look after myself while being appreciative of my roots. Interviewer: From what country are you from? Interviewee: I am from the Philippines, and so is my whole family. We moved here when I was six years old. Interviewer: Can you tell me something about the culture that you grew up in? Interviewee: I grew up in a culture that gave much importance to family and respect for one another. Furthermore, it was important to be close knit with each other. For every problem faced by each member of our family, we were all there to show some love and support. Each celebration was attended by almost all the members of the family. Non-attendance was inexcusable, with each one sharing their own sentiments. Interviewer: How was your childhood like knowing that your race was different from that of your peers? Interviewee: Honestly, I did not have difficulty adjusting. I grew up like any other individual, and I was able to adapt the environment I was living in. When I moved to the United States, my parents introduced to us a new world that we were unaware off. I must say that not much difficulty was experienced because we also spoke English at home. In addition to this, my friends never took my race against me. At some point, I remember growing up to the fact that they were asking about some important things about my culture. Interviewer: How was your relationship with your family? Interviewee: As I mentioned earlier, I grew up in a closely knit family. I was raised to respect the needs of my elders and always take into consideration the feelings of others. In so doing, I also grew up knowing that talking negatively of family members was wrong, and would be accounted for such actions. Furthermore, Sundays were often spent with family members, and dinner was the most important meal in the family. Regardless of how busy we may be, we had to eat dinner all together. This was our chance to talk about what happened with us all throughout the day. In addition to this, it was our belief that we would take care of the elderly members of the family, and those who have fallen ill. Sending them off to convalescent homes was not an option for us, for it was our obligation as children to care for our parents. Interviewer: Did you have any difficulty with religion? If yes, how did you deal with it? Interviewee: I must say that I did not have difficulty with religion. Since my family was close, I was opened to the Roman Catholic norms. We even have religious idols strategically positioned in the different parts of the house as a sign of respect for the religion. Furthermore, this did not even become a reason for me to neither doubt myself nor be affected in any manner. Interviewer: What do you think is the greatest factor that differentiates you from your peers? Interviewee: In terms of intellectual capacity, I must say that there is not much difference. We are all given the same quality and quantity of education in school. However, we only differ from the different perceptions formed and inculcated in our minds when we were younger. One difference that I see with others is the fact that I always had to take the feelings and thoughts of my parents in consideration. As part of the Filipino culture, we were not allowed to answer our parents nor disrespect them in any manner. This was in contrast to how other parents were treated by their children. Whenever we disrespect our parents or elders, we were reprimanded and given some punishments. Interviewer: In terms of language, did you feel at any point that there was a barrier? Interviewee: No. I did not feel that any barrier was formed in any part of my life. However, I felt advantageous for I was also fluent in my family’s language, which was Filipino. In some manner, I felt at home and at ease with my family with the use of the language. In addition to this, the act itself was a way for us to live our cultural heritage despite the fact that we were not in the Philippines. Furthermore, I grew up in the United States, making me fluent in English as well. It is sometimes funny to think about how others would become impressed with the way I can speak two languages fluently. Interviewer: When dealing with peers, did you feel at some point that you were different from everyone else? Interviewee: No, I did not feel different. Regardless of our differences in belief, I believe that we were all geared towards the betterment of society. We were given the same kind of information and were taught equally in school. As I mentioned earlier, we all have our differences, and I believe that my peers feel the same way too. Although we have the same quality and quantity of education, we also have to take into consideration the culture and tradition of each. There are certain things they do that would catch our attention and may look different in our eyes. However, these are the certain things in life that we have to take into consideration. Also, I believe that being different from others is just a state of mind. We all make our own lives, and so it is up to us on how we could make things work. Interviewer: What do you think is one of the greatest influences your culture had on the way you deal with your life and peers? Interviewee: My culture has allowed me to appreciate life better. Also, I am able to appreciate the people who have played an important part in my life. I was able to inculcate in my thoughts and actions the different lessons brought about by my culture and family members. Most importantly, I was able to imbibe self respect and dignity in everything that I do. Before I indulge in something, I try to ponder on and analyze things. There are certain things that I do in life that I attribute to the beliefs I grew up with. These would often be my guide before I make decisions. Interviewer: Looking back at your life, do you find it difficult to adjust to the American culture and way of life? Interviewee: I believe that living in the United States did not come as a difficulty from my end. For the most part, I was able to learn more about myself and others. Furthermore, I was able to be the individual I am now because of the mixture of cultures I grew up in. In my own opinion, I believe that the American way of life is one of the most misunderstood cultures. Others would say that American culture was focused on the individuality of people. However, what others do not see is the great deal of competence and individuality inculcated in the perceptions of many. Through independence and competence, individuals are able to hone themselves and become someone in society. It is my perception that these things are the ones that matter most when trying to make it big in society. We are all bound by the difficulties in life, however it is also up to us on how we can change things. No matter who we are and what we do, we should always give credit to our roots and cultural heritage. Name of Student Course Name of Professor Date Intel-cultural Interview: A Reaction Culture has been attributed to the different challenges experienced by people. For many, culture became an important part in the shaping of one’s perception. I was given the opportunity to find out and understand more about other cultures through this interview. Before the interview took place, I had numerous questions in mind. I wanted to know how other people would adapt to the American way of life. For the most part, I wanted to see if there were differences with my own perceptions, and if there were also similarities. I wanted to be enlightened with the numerous ideas that flowed in my head. The questions I asked my classmate opened new ideas for me. With the difficulties that came my way, I was able to appreciate more the importance of the other cultures. STATE NAME was one of the few people in school that I admired the most. Through this interview, I was able to learn more about him/her and the kind of life he/she was accustomed to. I admired STATE NAME for her/his honesty and for being open minded. He/she did not limit the answers to a word or two. Instead, I was given a glimpse of how his/her life was while growing up in a foreign country. In so doing, I was also given the opportunity to understand the difficulties and trials felt all these years. However, I also saw the great deal of importance their culture gave towards dealing with family and respect for the elderly. At this point, I felt a certain deal of admiration for him/her. STATE NAME was a concrete example of how an individual could embrace two different cultures and personify them. Respect for the elderly has always been inculcated in all of our minds. However, I was able to see it as a reality when STATE NAME gave me specifics during the interview. STATE NAME’S answers were all based on his/her experiences in life, and were considered valid. I was surprised at how much credit he/she gave towards the contribution his/her family had on who he/she is today. In so doing, I also saw how unaffected he/she is with language barriers. Through STATE NAME’s experiences, language barriers may be avoided if people just became open minded. In so doing, STATE NAME’s mirrored the kind of culture Filipinos showed. By practicing the culture of their origin, they were able to help keep their race alive. Being away from their country of origin did not come as a hindrance for them to forget their heritage. Instead, their bonds as a family and as Filipinos were strengthened further by actions and attitude towards others. I must say that I have learned so much from this interview. In my own little way, I was able to appreciate and give much credit to my roots and the different accomplishments I had in my own life. At the same time I saw how much we were alike. Regardless of our differences in belief and in culture, there were certain things that bound us together. We were both open to the fact that we would not be who we are today if not for the mixture of culture we have. For the most part, we both believed that living outside of our country of origin would not come as a hindrance for us to reach our goals. Instead, it would help us to become better people; making our families and our country proud. Life is indeed full of challenges—and it is up to us on how we could actually make things work and make a difference.

Hughes Surname Meaning and Origin

1) A patronymic surname meaning son of Hugh. The given name Hugh is a Germanic name meaning heart/mind, often after Saint Hugh. 2) Possibly a modern form of the ancient Irish name OHAY. Hughes is the 83rd most popular surname in the United States. Hughes is even more popular in England, coming in as the 18th most common surname. Surname Origin English Alternate Surname Spellings HUGH, HUGHE Genealogy Resources for the Surname Hughes 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? HUGHES Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Hughes surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Hughes query. FamilySearch - HUGHES GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Hughes surname and its variations. HUGHES Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Hughes surname. Cousin Connect - HUGHES Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Hughes, and sign up for free notification when new Hughes queries are added. DistantCousin.com - HUGHES Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Hughes. Source Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Effects of the Industrial Revolution on Society Essay

Frank Garrido THE EFFECTS OF THE NDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ON SOCIETY The Industrial Revolution changed the ways by how the world produced its goods. It was the era when the use of power-driven machines was developed. It also changed our societies from a mainly agricultural society to one in which industry and manufacturing was in control. This had many effects on people’s lives. The Industrial Revolution first got its start in Great Britain, during the 18th century. It was inevitable that the country with the most wealth would lead in this revolution. After it adoption in England, other countries such as Germany, the United States and France joined in this revolution. During this time there were many new technological advancements,†¦show more content†¦The Revolution also affected children. When coal became necessary to fuel steam engines, many people were needed to work in coal mines. Children were hires to go into narrow passageways and pick coal. Boys and girls were put to work doing dangerous things that children should not be expected to do. Children also worked in factories. Their small hands came in handy to retrieve broken threads in machines, however many children lost fingers while doing this. The Industrial Revolution had many negative affects on people. Many people worked from home before the Revolution. Raw materials were delivered to peoples cottages and the weavers would process the wool in their homes. This was an advantage for the workers because they would make their own schedules and work at their own pace; however, for these same reasons, they were disadvantages for business owners. The Industrial Revolution made it possible to move the jobs from cottages to factories where they business owners can oversee the workers and account for their time. Some people considered the factory jobs a blessing while others considered it a hardship. The work day was long, conditions were unsanitary and food was sparse. Another negative effect of the Industrial Revolution was on the environment. The factories and industry has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Manufacturing towns were built nearShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Industrial Revolution On Society1989 Words   |  8 PagesThe industrial revolution introduced new ideas and revelations for the technology we enjoy today. During the years between 1750 and 1914 people began to discover more innovative ways of producing goods, which in turn boosted their economy. The British and French had similar ideas about the industrial path, but due to the French Revolution, France had other issues to contend with whereas Britain continued to industrialise. The industrial Revolution certainly boosted the economy; however, the socialRead MoreEffects Of The Industrial Revolution On European Societies906 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution caused great change in the ways European countries produced goods. The Revolution encompassed the years 1750 through 1850, and generated many innovations and ideas that have changed European service industries forever. The effects of the Industrial Rev olution caused a dramatic change in the way European societies functioned. These changes in society caused by the Industrial Revolution initiated an unprecedented growth rate of the European middle class, which led to a sharpRead MoreImpact Of The Industrial Revolution On Capitalism And The Contemporary Society Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact of the Industrial Revolution on Capitalism and the Contemporary Society, When looking into the past during the Industrial Revolution, there were many cause and effect events that occurred, the Industrial Revolution changed the lives of many, these changes in society were caused by the innovations of the time period, and the need for a more productive environment. There was a movement from an agricultural society to a manufacturing society; these changes affected the family’s abilityRead MoreThe Positives And Cons Of The Industrial Revolution835 Words   |  4 PagesIs the Industrial Revolution as Good as We Think It Is? Bill Gates once said, â€Å"If you go back to 1800, everybody was poor. I mean everybody. The Industrial Revolution kicked in, and a lot of countries benefited, but by no means everyone.† The Industrial Revolution was a period in the 18th century led by Great Britain that had a major influence in agriculture, scientific studies, manufacturing, and transportation. As said by Bill Gates, even though the Industrial Revolution benefited many partiesRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : Impact On Society1092 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrial Revolution: Impact on Society Chernyka Love HIST112 Professor Adam Howard American Military University 15 March 2015 The Industrial Revolution is a term used to describe a period characterized by a transition from old to new processes of manufacturing. This period occurred during the 18th and 19th century. The transition was seen to include movement from primitive hand production to the same type of production using faster more efficient means by use of machines. The era also featuredRead MorePositive and Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesPositive and Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 1700’s. The Industrial Revolution was a time of new inventions, products, and methods of work. The results of the Industrial Revolution led to many short and long-term positive and negative effects. These results have been assessed from many viewpoints such as the factory workers, the factory owners, the government, and other people who observed the conditions in industrial cities. One negativeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The Effects On Women s Rights1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution and the Effects on Women s Rights The Industrial Revolution was one of the most important and productive periods of history. The Industrial Revolution has to do with the time between the late 18th century and mid-19th century where there were profound advances in production, manufacturing, and other fields of engineering. It began in Great Britain in the late 1700s which then spread to the United States and then to many other parts of the world. Societies were very ruralRead MoreEffects of the Industrial Revolution727 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, lasting between the 18th and 19th century, profoundly affected the people of Europe, North America, and other regions of the world. The revolution produced new exciting technological innovations. As a result, the socioeconomic climate and cultural aspects of Europe and North America were altered in an unprecedented manner. Industrial opportunities also lured the population away from agrarian lifestyles to more urban populaces. The Industrial Revolution e xtensively changedRead MoreThe Impact of The British Revolution on Society Essay example546 Words   |  3 PagesThe British revolution had a great impact on the society. Various complicated machines tools were used in the production and rural-agricultural and commercial society to a progressive rural- industrial society, this period of time old ideas mere modified, not swept away and gradually new ideas took place. This thing helped Britain changing their city life, social class structure, the power of the British nation amongst rest of the world, the production of machinery, and the strength of the economyRead MoreThe Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Western Society1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on Western society and the effects were numerous and mainly positive. The Industrial Revolution began in England in the 1790’s and spread throughout Europe and eventually to America. The extensive effects of the Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of daily life and human society in some way. During this time period, widespread transportation such as railroads became available and important for the movement of goods and people. Also

Symptoms And Treatment Of Osteoporosis - 1192 Words

Physiology There are several conditions that contribute to osteoporosis other than the aging process that causes elders to lose bone density, to understand the correlation of the condition one should have a basic understanding of what osteoporosis is. As stated, osteoporosis is called a silent disease with an underlying origin that is undetected or misdiagnosed since the symptoms are so nondescript until the damage is done. This condition is characterized by decrease bone mass density (BMD), the principal progression is bone fragility with undetermined body fractures, and bone mineral density decrease with aging; defines osteoporosis which yields brittle bones found in both genders. Although, women experience this process more†¦show more content†¦Ms. J stated she had heartburn and used Mylanta for treatment. As suggested, Mylanta is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used for gastric reflux with an aluminum base that lower stomach acid levels, blocking the absorption of calciu m and phosphates which decrease bone density. The researcher has established a link between long term use of (PPI) and osteoporosis, which is a major cause of hip fractures. (Kruse, 2011) When reviewing the medical records it was noted that the client received chemo along with radiation for breast cancer and glucocorticoid injection for chronic arthritis three times in the last 10 years. For instance, there is a link between women who were treated for breast cancer with chemotherapy, the reason given was the loss of ovarian function that drops the estrogen levels that had a protective effect on the bones. Chemotherapy also has a direct harmful effect on the bones, and breast cancer stimulates osteoclasts cell production, which role is to break down bone tissue. (NIH, n.d.) â€Å"Bone loss is one of the most important side effects of glucocorticoid use, even in low doses. The main effect of glucocorticoids on bone is inhibition of osteoblast function, leading to a decrease in bone formation and a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis† (De Niji, 2015) Ms. J fractured her arm two years ago from a fall. One of the major causes of bone and hip fractures in senior adults are

Why Marijuana Should Be Illegal Free Essays

Tyler Wyrick Ms. Russo English 165. 25W 11 May 2010 E1 Why Marijuana should be Illegal In society today, many people are looking for a feeling of freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Marijuana Should Be Illegal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some go on vacation and spend money while others look to drugs. The sense of high that results from using marijuana acts as an escape from the stresses of everyday life. As a result, a tremendous number of Americans participate in the illicit use of marijuana. Our American society is facing a tremendous drug problem that will increase exponentially by the legalization of this drug. Marijuana should be illegal because it will cause an increase in drug users and drug related crimes, the short term and long term effects of marijuana on the body, and the effect it will have on the country. One of the consequences of legalization would be a tremendous increase in marijuana users. Right now with the use of illicit drugs comes the fear of law enforcement agents and punishment causes individuals to be too scared to try marijuana. However, if weed become legalized, the fear becomes nonexistent and the number of users skyrockets. Legalized marijuana provides an ease of access to the drug, which in turn, promotes an increase in sales and use. An increase in marijuana use will also result in an increase in drug related crimes. Supporters of the legalization of weed believe that crime and violence would decrease if the drug is legal. Statistics show that forty percent of those arrested for committing a crime tested positive for the use of drugs at the time of their arrest. Making drugs more readily available could potentially propel more individuals into a life of crime and violence. Many marijuana users turn to crime to pay for their habit. They are stimulated by drugs and therefore act violently. Sold legally, marijuana will become easy for users to buy it around the corner, which would increase the already existing problem of crime. It is mentioned by Forbes that every year drug lords make billions of dollars from marijuana business, and those promoting legalization believe it will wipe out their major sources of funds. Drug use is a matter of supply and demand. As long as demand exists, someone is going to supply it either legally or illegally. Supporters of legalization believe that if the government regulates drugs such as marijuana by imposing taxes, then the black market will be eliminated. Not many users can afford to buy high priced drugs such as marijuana. As a result, people will be forced to go to drug gangs who sell marijuana under the market price. In addition, children and teenagers will obviously be banned from purchasing marijuana, just as they are prohibited from buying beer and liquor. Nevertheless, there will be drug pushers who will continue to encourage the youth and try to get them hooked to marijuana. Hence, legalization of marijuana will encourage a growing criminal black market. Marijuana is also very bad for ones overall health. Persistent use will damage lungs and airways and raise the risk of cancer. There is just as much exposure to cancer-causing chemicals from smoking one marijuana joint as smoking five tobacco cigarettes. There is evidence that marijuana may limit the ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease. This drug also causes severe side effects to the brain and body. Smoking marijuana can cause a person to lose their memory. Marijuana also has many short-term psychological and physical effects. These reactions usually last for three to five hours after a person has smoked marijuana. The psychological reaction, known as a high, consists of changes in the user’s feelings and thoughts. Mainly THC causes such changes. Many people usually smoke marijuana in cigarettes or pipes, but it also can be mixed with food and beverages. The concentration of the marijuana can affect how a person reacts to using the drug. The effects of a marijuana high vary from person to person and from one time to another in the same individual. In most cases, the high consists of a dreamy relaxed state in which users seem more aware of their senses and feel that time is moving slowly. Sometimes however, marijuana produces a feeling of panic and dread. The different reactions result partly from the concentration of THC in the marijuana. Other factors such as the setting in which marijuana is used, the user’s expectations, personality, and mood also affect a person’s reaction to the drug. Long-term effects of marijuana are not completely known, but studies have shown that some people who have used marijuana regularly for several months or longer have developed serious long-term problems. Among males, marijuana use can reduce the production of sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone. Among females, marijuana can cause menstrual irregularity and reduced fertility. Extended use of marijuana also has a long-term psychological effect on many people. These individuals lose interest in everything. They become unmotivated and detached. Another impact on health is that marijuana is a gateway drug. People that smoke marijuana for the first time feel that bringing themselves to actually try pot is the hardest part. Once an individual’s nerves are now calm about trying marijuana, they will now find that trying harder drugs won’t be as difficult to think about. Once their attitude on drug use is changed people will not hesitate to experiment with new harder drugs just as they did with marijuana. The Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University found adolescents who smoke pot 85 times more likely to use cocaine than their non–pot smoking peers. 0 percent of young people who use marijuana before they turn 15 later go on to use cocaine. A user of marijuana will eventually want to feel a new or better high causing them to resort to drugs that have much more of a negative effect on the body. Not all drug users will immediately begin using heroin, but once they are taking drugs it is very difficult for them to quit. For some, it will begin with sim ple painkillers and then possibly cocaine. With each step further into the world of drugs the user will find it harder to return. The high becomes an escape from reality. It becomes a release from the pressures of everyday life. With time, the period between highs becomes shortened due to the inability for users to face daily tasks. Soon, they become addicts living for the next high. Why? Because marijuana, a â€Å"harmless, organic drug,† opened the door to more possibilities. Next, legalization is neither a reasonable nor rational policy for this country. One of the biggest concerns about the legalization argument is the mixed message it sends to our young people. The legalization will imply a nonjudgmental attitude about drugs. The public’s attitude must change toward drugs and focus on prevention and treatment of drug abuse while maintaining the laws that make the drugs illegal. By focusing time and resources on the dangers of marijuana use, we are setting ourselves up for a better society as a whole. Reducing societal acceptance of weed use would allow Americans to raise a generation that could make a healthy contribution to the country. Then, the thought of job opportunities could be an issue. Think about the hundreds of thousands of others who are daily and heroically involved in the continuous war on drugs. Police officers, who are constantly meeting their quota by busting marijuana related crimes, would now have to sit back and watch the future of America get high on the streets hoping they wont continue on in to the drug world. Marijuana is illegal for many reasons. Most of the people that are pro-legalization will not use it for medical use or are at all interested in this nations economy. The ugly truth is that most want it legal merely because they want to use it. The drug problem America faces now would severely increase if marijuana were legalized. Health bills would go up due to medical issues involving weed, drug related crimes would increase, and legalizing the drug would change America’s attitude on drugs completely and open the door to drugs far worse than weed. The war on drugs would just be getting started. How to cite Why Marijuana Should Be Illegal, Papers

Vaccination Should Be Mandatory Or A Choice -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Vaccination Should Be Mandatory Or A Choice? Answer: Introducation According to Catholic Social Teaching (CST), the shared responsibility for common good, states that it is the right of every person to have optimal access of resources present in society in order to live a fulfilling life (Felten, 2013). For optimal utilization of resources, there must remain a proper balance between the personal possession and community resources and this balance will help to maintain equitable distribution of resources. The common good can be obtained when citizens of the society work in unison to uplift the overall well-being of the mass (Felten, 2013). The following essay aims to highlight the global issue of vaccination and how it has failed to highlight the need of the common good. The essay then tries to throw light on how the proper awareness of vaccination can be generated without hampering the shared responsibility of common good and human rights of Catholic Social Teaching. At the end, the essay collates recommendation regarding how community engagement an d advocacy can be used as model to promote proper awareness of vaccination among the mass. Vaccination or immunization is common good for all the mass present in the society with a special mention to the children. Vaccination helps in the prevention of the infectious, recurrent and contagious disease like measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (Bar et al., 2014). However, vaccination is still a tabo among the parents. Parents suffer from lack of knowledge and prioritize rumours spread against vaccination. Parents are of the opinion that vaccination is unsafe and avoidance is the best policy to keep their children medically secured (Yaqub et al., 2014). This mindset has drastically decreased the rate of childhood vaccination in Australia (Diekema, 2012). According to reports, 1 out of 10 Australian parents nurture the belief that autisim results from vaccination (Diekema, 2012; Kaufman et al., 2012). Malcolm Turnbull in order to cope up with this situation made strict policy focusing the vaccination, according to this policy, vaccine refusers will be e xempted from special children benefits (ABC News, 2017). This policy though framed in the common good of the community and goes against the human right principle of the CST. Since the rule is forcefully imposed, the decision making choice of a childs guardian, which is the right of every parent is getting hampered. Moreover, this forceful imposition for the sake of common good is turn hampering the cause of the common good (Gheaus, 2016). For instance, According to reports published in ABC news, 150,000 children were incompletely vaccinated in the year 2013 and of them 3700 were the vaccine objectors (ABC News, 2017). This improper vaccination resulting out of forced imposition is again hampering the act of common good and human right as it is the right of all people to lead to a health and fulfilling lives. So in order to promote the concept of vaccination, so that there remains no scope of imposition, proper awareness in the field of vaccination must be generated via promoting illiteracy. This is again in turn will be beneficial for the act of the common good as education and health related awareness is the main pillar of success behind the common good (Johri et al., 2015). Such illiteracy and awareness campaign will designed in such a way that it does not hamper the cultural thoughts and the spiritual beliefs of the person as it is the right of every individual to nurture their spiritual thought and cultural values. Apart from the unwilling people, there is a large group of people who are willing to vaccinate their children, but are unable to do so due to lack of proper financial backup and unavailability of adequate vaccine supply. So for the sake of the common good, vaccines must be made accessible at low cost without any compromise in the standardised quality and dose (Rowlands, 20 14). The global issue of ignorance of vaccination among parents and not regarding it as mandatory for their children is a subject of great argument. According to the principle of human dignity, humans decision should be respected and they should be given the freedom to make their own decision. According to this principle, vaccination should be a choice for people. However, according to the principle of common good, well-being of individual people is essential for the well-being of the community (Thompson, 2017). There is need to increase the uptake of vaccination and make parents aware about vaccination as a necessity because vaccination is the most effective way to control diseases and protect children from preventable disease (Brnighausen et al., 2014). Hence, solution to the problem is necessary because increase in rate of vaccination will enhance health and well-being of people and reduce rate of hospitalizations in children too. This is also proved by Snchez-Uribe et al., (2016) as t he study proved that universalization of rotavirus vaccination reduced childhood diarrhea related mortality and hospitalization in children. The first strategy that can change parents attitude towards vaccination includes taking community engagement initiative. This is essential as part of common good responsibility and social justice for people. However, poor perception of parents towards vaccination is one challenge in realizing the common good act of increasing uptake of vaccination in community (Vezzosi, Santagati, Angelillo, (2017). Hence, to promote positive attitude utility of vaccination, there is a need to implement outreach and engagement programs in community so that parents get to know all about different kinds of vaccination and their role in preventing diseases (Riesch et al., 2013). Health care provider needs to be engaged so that parents can get right advice regarding vaccination. The advantage of direct engagement between parent and health care provider apart from other source of engagement is that health care providers are better positioned to answer all queries of students and clarify their wrong perce ptions related to risk of vaccination. Such community engagement strategies may also increase parents knowledge regarding vaccination and affect their decision to vaccinate their children in the future (Dixon et al., 2017). Exclusive educational campaigns can also be arranged so that parents learn about the utility of different forms of vaccination for their children. Apart from community engagement strategy, another step that can help to realize the common good goal of improving parents attitude towards vaccination includes taking advocacy strategy. Advocacy strategy is related to increasing investment and funding for immunization. This will ensure that vaccines are available to all and no one is derived from vaccination (Plotkin, Mahmoud Farrar, 2015). In countries like Africa, inadequate funding is the main reason for low vaccination coverage. Hence, any education and awareness initiative related to vaccination may fail when step like maximizing funding for vaccination is not taken. Another barrier that may affect the rate of vaccination is poor quality of immunization services. Therefore, another advocacy strategy that can promote improvement in vaccination coverage includes improve human resource training on administrating vaccines, introducing appropriate cold chain maintenance and vaccine storage facility and evaluating vaccination service s on a regular basis (WHO, 2018). Such step is likely to promote uptake of vaccination and increase peoples interest in routine vaccination. In response to the issue of poor attitude towards vaccination, advocacy and community engagement strategies are considered most effective to address the problem because such strategies provides the right resource to fill the gap that exist related to vaccination coverage. The success of such strategy is also dependent on proper collaboration with partners like health care staffs, vaccination services, public health staffs and health promotion staffs. This is effective in addressing the challenges and promoting advocacy for vaccination in community. Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded that vaccination is good for the proper health back up of the upcoming generation. Hence proper awareness and literacy programs must be framed by the nurses and other health care professionals in order to increases the rate of vaccination mong the children. However, such literacy and awareness program must be designed in such a way that it may not hamper the common good and human rights of the person based on CST. References ABC News. (2017). Turnbull wants unvaccinated kids banned from child care. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-12/government-pushes-to-ban-unvaccinated-children-from-childcare/8347040 [Accessed 24 Jan. 2018]. ABC News. (2017). Victoria to close loophole for 'dodgy doctors' giving vaccination exemptions. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-15/child-vaccination-exemption-letters-from-gps-no-longer-accepted/9151768 [Accessed 24 Jan. 2018]. Brnighausen, T., Bloom, D. E., Cafiero-Fonseca, E. T., OBrien, J. C. (2014). Valuing vaccination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(34), 12313-12319. Bart, M. J., Harris, S. R., Advani, A., Arakawa, Y., Bottero, D., Bouchez, V., ... Gaillard, M. E. (2014). Global population structure and evolution of Bordetella pertussis and their relationship with vaccination.MBio,5(2), e01074-14. Diekema, D. S. (2012). Improving childhood vaccination rates.New England Journal of Medicine,366(5), 391-393. Dixon, B. E., Kasting, M. L., Wilson, S., Kulkarni, A., Zimet, G. D., Downs, S. M. (2017). Health care providers perceptions of use and influence of clinical decision support reminders: qualitative study following a randomized trial to improve HPV vaccination rates.BMC medical informatics and decision making,17(1), 119. Felten, P. (2013). Principles of good practice in SoTL.Teaching and Learning Inquiry: The ISSOTL Journal,1(1), 121-125. Gheaus, A. (2016). The right to parent and duties concerning future generations. Johri, M., Subramanian, S. V., Sylvestre, M. P., Dudeja, S., Chandra, D., Kon, G. K., ... Pahwa, S. (2015). Association between maternal health literacy and child vaccination in India: a cross-sectional study.J Epidemiol Community Health, jech-2014. Kaufman, J., Synnot, A., Hill, S., Willis, N., Horey, D., Lin, V., ... Robinson, P. (2012). Face to face interventions for informing or educating parents about early childhood vaccination.status and date: New, published in, (8). Plotkin, S. A., Mahmoud, A. A., Farrar, J. (2015). Establishing a global vaccine-development fund.New England Journal of Medicine,373(4), 297-300. Riesch, S. K., Ngui, E. M., Ehlert, C., Miller, M. K., Cronk, C. A., Leuthner, S., ... Durkin, M. S. (2013). Community outreach and engagement strategies from the Wisconsin study center of the national children's study.Public Health Nursing,30(3), 254-265. Rowlands, G. (2014). Health literacy: ways to maximise the impact and effectiveness of vaccination information.Human vaccines immunotherapeutics,10(7), 2130-2135. Snchez-Uribe, E., Esparza-Aguilar, M., Parashar, U. D., Richardson, V. (2016). Sustained reduction of childhood diarrhea-related mortality and hospitalizations in Mexico after rotavirus vaccine universalization.Clinical Infectious Diseases,62(suppl_2), S133-S139. Thompson, M.J., 2017. 9 The common good as a principle of social justice.The Good Life Beyond Growth: New Perspectives. Vezzosi, L., Santagati, G., Angelillo, I. F. (2017). Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of parents towards varicella and its vaccination.BMC infectious diseases,17(1), 172. WHO (2018).Strategies to increase the demand for childhood vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Who.int. Retrieved 24 January 2018, from https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/93/5/14-146951/en/ Yaqub, O., Castle-Clarke, S., Sevdalis, N., Chataway, J. (2014). Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review.Social Science Medicine,112, 1-11.